This article is the second in a series discussing the results of Nature’s 2025 PhD survey. The first looked at key findings of the survey. The survey, created in partnership with Thinks Insight & Strategy, a research consultancy based in London, launched in May and was advertised on nature.com, in Springer Nature digital products and through e-mail campaigns. It had 3,785 self-selecting respondents across 107 countries, with 44% describing themselves as female, 25% as belonging to an ethnic minority in their country of study and 33% as studying outside their country of origin. The full survey data sets are available at go.nature.com/4ncsuo1.
Starting a PhD can feel like stepping into uncharted territory. Although universities offer orientation programmes and supervisors provide research guidance, some of the most valuable lessons come from those who’ve walked the path before.
Nature’s 2025 PhD survey asked doctoral candidates worldwide what advice they would give to someone considering a similar degree (see ‘Recommendations to my pre-PhD self’). Many responses gave advice on what to consider when choosing a supervisor, research topic and laboratory, and the importance of scrutinizing personal motivations for doing a PhD. These quotes are taken from survey answers and have been anonymized, although they include the author’s gender, nationality, location and study year.
Find the right supervisor and lab
The people you work with matter as much as the project you choose.
“Choose your supervisor(s) very carefully. I’ve seen way too many students bullied, harassed and kicked out of the programme with their confidence in pieces.” — Female fourth-year student in South Africa
“When interviewing for a PhD slot, pay attention to how your prospective adviser treats others in the lab and the department. My lab ended up being really cliquey with certain individuals being excluded because my adviser plays favourites.” — Female fifth-year student in the United States
“Do not go directly from an undergraduate degree to a PhD. Work for a year if possible in a job that will give you a better understanding of the problems you want to solve. That way your research can have the largest impact.” — Canadian female first-year student based in the United Kingdom
“The culture of the institution matters more than almost anything else. Listen to your gut when you feel like a university or lab culture is not a good fit.” — Female second-year student in the United States
“Take the opportunity, if it’s offered, to rotate through a few labs. You might be surprised by which lab you wind up feeling drawn to — I joined a lab that wasn’t initially on my radar.” — Female third-year student in the United States
Define your purpose
A PhD is a long commitment. Know your reasons for doing one and take steps to protect your well-being.
“Getting a PhD is a labour of love. Take the time to know that this is really what you want to pursue and if it is, then make sure you balance your mental health throughout the process. Burnout is much easier to avoid than to try to recover from.” — Female second-year student in the United States
“Be vocal about what you want, nobody will stand up for you and give you what you want. Only you can focus on you, and that means getting a hold of what you want to progress your career.” — Indian female fifth-year student based in the United States
“Think about what you will do after your PhD from the very beginning. Create your own path with your own decisions, create your own burning torch for lighting your way. Because it can be a bit dark here.” — Female fourth-year student in Turkey
“Don’t let guilt run your PhD. Do your work during work hours and give yourself permission to disconnect afterward. Take your vacations without shame. No one finishes everything they plan.” — Female fifth-year student in Croatia
“If you feel like you’re not doing something you really love and truly believe in, abandon it. Trust your intuition. If you’re on the wrong train, it’s better to realize it as fast as possible.” — Female seventh-year student in Poland
Shape your project and skills
Choosing a topic is just the start. Your success depends on curiosity, persistence and building transferable skills along the way.
“Make sure you’re deeply interested in the process, not just the outcome. If you genuinely enjoy learning, problem-solving and digging deep into questions no one has fully answered before, that passion will carry you through the tough parts.” — Male second-year student in Brazil
“Own your tasks … don’t get too bogged down with the details, but see how your research develops from a bigger picture perspective. Celebrate small wins: finishing an abstract for a conference, completing literature review for a specific objective and so forth.” — Kenyan male third-year student based in Germany
“Take every opportunity to learn how to write. Doing a PhD is an investment in your future, and the most transferable skill I have learnt is being able to communicate effectively through writing.” — Male fourth-year student in Canada
“Do not depend on AI tools to do the critical work of reading, understanding and writing. You need to analyse the results and not allow AI to do it as it might give biased outputs.” — Female fifth-year student in India
“Try to clearly define your personal workload limits. This will help you plan more effectively and avoid becoming overwhelmed by too many responsibilities or side projects.” — Female fourth-year student in Brazil
Clear the hurdles
Learn how to handle lab politics, heavy workloads and cultural or institutional obstacles.
“You will encounter more difficult challenges on this road than in your past student career, which might be in your academic work or, more likely, interpersonal relationships. The academic community is no more harmless or innocent than the outside world.” — Transgender male fifth-year student in Taiwan
“For most, it is not a 9–5. You will have to be flexible in your hours. Everything takes three times longer than you might think. Consider joining a research training group or a support group for early-career researchers, so you automatically have a network of other PhDs doing similar things.” — Non-binary first-year student from the United States based in Germany
“Join the union if there is one. They have great resources available to members.” — Female second-year student in the United States
“Never hesitate to speak up if you experience or witness injustice. Too many people stay silent and let predators go because they think it’s ‘just them’.” — Male sixth-year student in Switzerland
“Be prepared for the challenges that come from external political and systemic constraints — especially in developing countries, which can limit genuine opportunities.” — Male second-year student in Iraq
“Contact other international students working at the same university and ask them about their experiences. Keep your expectations low and keep in mind that you will have to work doubly hard, because of differences in language, culture and ways of communicating.” — Colombian female fourth-year student based in the United States
Sustain your career and well-being
Manage finances, mental health and imposter syndrome while keeping your goals in mind.
“Remember that pursuing a PhD is an academic journey — it does not define your worth.” — Female third-year student in South Korea
“Check if the PhD salary or stipend is good enough to have a proper life in the country where you will live. You don’t want to be struggling with academia and groceries at the same time.” — Female third-year student in Spain
“Politely, tell your adviser to f* off if they refuse your vacation request.” — Male third-year student from the United Kingdom based in France
“Consider the financial loss you might experience from years of not being able to save for retirement or for milestones like home ownership.” — Female sixth-year student in the United States
“The imposter syndrome never really goes away, but it lessens over time. Make sure you have a good support network and a contingency plan in case things go awry.” — Female fifth-year student in the United States
“A PhD is a long-game career path. At points, you will feel miserable. But know that it is worth it. Three generations from now, no one is going to remember you, but your research might live on.” — Male third-year student from the United States based in Spain
Nature 646, 501-502 (2025)
Find the orginal article and more great content on the Nature Careers Website – doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-03229-8